ABSTRACT
O objetivo foi avaliar as características agronômicas e químico-bromatológicas de dois híbridos de milho Bt (30F35H e CD397YH) ensilados com inoculante enzimobacteriano. Os teores de FDN foram semelhantes para todas as frações de planta, já o teor de FDA diferiu quanto à planta inteira e colmo, enquanto a lignina diferiu em relação à planta inteira, colmo e sabugo. A DIVMS não apresentou diferença entre os híbridos em nenhuma das frações. As silagens foram produzidas em silos experimentais (aproximadamente 200kg). As concentrações de MS, EE, FDN, NDT e DIVMS não mostraram diferença entre as silagens dos híbridos avaliados. Já os teores de MM, PB, FDA e lignina diferiram. Não houve diferença entre as silagens dos híbridos para os valores de NDT estimado e para a DIVMS. Também não foi observado efeito do inoculante sobre os valores de CHT, CNF, FDN e DIVMS. Conclui-se que o híbrido Pioneer foi superior ao Coodetec em produtividade de MV ha-1, porém a composição nutricional das silagens não diferiu na concentração de NDT e digestibilidade avaliadas em ovinos. Não houve efeito do uso de inoculante na digestibilidade da matéria seca e da fração fibra em detergente neutro das silagens.
The aim was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and chemical composition of the two corn hybrids (30F35H and CD397YH) ensiled with enzymatic bacterial inoculants. NDF were similar for all plant fractions, since the ADF content differed as to the whole plant and stem, lignin differed in relation to the whole plant, stem and cob. IVDMD did not differ among treatments in any of the fractions. The silages were produced in experimental silos (approximately 200kg). The concentrations of MS, EE, NDF, IVDMD and TDN showed no difference between the silages of hybrids. Since the levels of MM, CP, ADF and lignin differed; there was no difference between hybrids for silage TDN and IVDMD. There was also no effect of the use of inoculants on the values of CHT, NFC, NDF and IVDMD. It is concluded that Pioneer was superior to Coodetec productivity of MV-1 ha. The nutritional composition of silages did not differ in the concentration of TDN and digestibility in sheep assessed. There was no effect of using inoculants on the digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber content of the silage.
Subject(s)
Animals , Bacillus thuringiensis/chemistry , Sheep/metabolism , Zea mays/metabolism , Zea mays/chemistry , Dietary Fiber/analysis , Dietary Fiber , Lignin/analysis , Nutritive Value , Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism , Plants, Genetically Modified/chemistryABSTRACT
Objective: To report on the use of different approaches to assess the reproducibility of a culturally sensitive quantified food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) used for assessment of the habitual dietary intake of Setswana-speaking adults in the North West Province of South Africa.Method: A previously developed and validated QFFQ was completed by trained fieldworkers. Portion sizes were estimated using different methods. Food intake was coded and analysed for nutrient intake per day for each subject. The first interview (n = 1 888) took place during the baseline data collection period. For the second interview (n = 175); a convenient sample from the subjects who had completed the first interview was collected and the interview was conducted within four to six weeks of the first interview.Results: There were good correlations between the first and second QFFQ for all the nutrients (p 0.0001). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that there were no significant differences in the median intake between the two administrations; except for energy and total fat. The Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement. Between 41 and 58 of the subjects were correctly classified into the same quartile; with less than 3 grossly misclassified. The weighted ? statistics showed moderate agreement between the two applications.Conclusion: Our results show that more than one statistical approach is needed to assess the reproducibility of a QFFQ. The reproducibility of this culturally sensitive QFFQ was good
Subject(s)
Adult , Culture , Feeding Behavior , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the elderly population. The prevalence is reported to be 1.2-1.4% in several population-based epidemiological studies. Currently 25-30 million people worldwide are blind due to AMD. With the aging world population it is bound to increase significantly, and could become a significant public health problem in next two decades, with serious socio-economic implications. Several strategies are today available to treat the wet form of AMD, which is responsible for significant visual loss. These were until recently confined to laser photocoagulation, and subretinal surgery, but today two other modalities, namely, radiation and photodynamic therapy, are available. These treatment modalities however, are aimed at preservation of vision only, and not at reversing the process of the disease. Further research on antiangiogenic drugs and gene therapy could significantly help AMD patients.